As NO x emissions have been reduced in recent years for particulate matter control, future NO x reductions are generally favorable for summertime maximum daily average 8-h (MDA8) O 3 reductions. On the basis of O 3 isopleths from a series of air quality simulations under different levels of NO x and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission reductions, we found that such concerns are not necessary. In February 2020, China’s strict lockdown policies led to significant reductions in anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NO x) emissions, and notable increases in surface ozone (O 3) followed in many urban areas, raising concerns about potential rises in summertime O 3 due to NO x emission controls.
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